2023-05-04, 13:28
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#1208
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理学療法士
Reg.datum: Aug 2003
Inlägg: 2 207
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Ett par citat:
Citat:
We found that TEE has declined in both men and women since the 1990s by about 7.7% in men and 5.6% in women (Fig. 1a,b). Surprisingly, this decline could be traced to a reduction in BMR rather than activity expenditure, which, by contrast, was slightly but significantly increased in both sexes. We analysed the literature on BMR in the USA and Europe and found that this trend in BMR is apparent over the past 100 years (Fig. 1c) and mirrors a previously published similar trend in body temperature4.
The burning question that arises from this discovery is why BMR may have declined. There are several potential contributing factors. For example, changed exposure to infectious disease may have reduced our investment in immune defences. Another possible factor is diet changes. Many components of our diet have changed over time, including saturated fat levels, which have declined5. Using a randomized diet trial in mice, we show that elevated saturated fat intake led to increased energy expenditure (Fig. 1d). Whether these results in mice translate to humans remains unclear. Moreover, there are likely to be many links between other dietary components (like protein and, in particular, carbohydrates) that have changed over time and may affect BMR. This hypothesis leads to the interesting possibility that we may be able to tailor our diet to reverse the BMR fall, with potential downstream effects on energy balance and perhaps on obesity. However, at present, obesity remains best avoided by preventing overeating.
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