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Gammal 2015-03-19, 08:27   #46
King Grub
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Oral carbohydrate rinsing has beneficial effects on endurance performance and caffeine mouth rinsing either independently or in conjunction with carbohydrate may enhance sprinting performance. However, the effects of carbohydrate and/ or caffeine mouth rinses on resistance exercise have not been examined previously. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of carbohydrate and/ or caffeine rinsing on maximum strength and muscular endurance performance. Fifteen recreationally resistance trained males completed an exercise protocol which involved a one repetition maximum (1-RM) bench press followed by 60% of their 1-RM to failure in a double-blind, randomised, counterbalanced crossover design. Prior to exercise either 25 ml of a 6% (15 g; 0.20±0.02 g·kg) carbohydrate (CHO), 1.2% (300 mg; 3.9±0.3 mg·kg) caffeine (CAF), carbohydrate with caffeine (C+C) solutions, or water (PLA) were rinsed for 10 s. During the remaining session, no solution was rinsed (CON). All solutions were flavoured with (200 mg) sucralose. Felt arousal was recorded pre- and post-rinse and rating of perceived exertion was recorded immediately after the repetitions to failure. There were no significant differences in 1-RM (P=0.808; ηp=0.02), the number of repetitions performed (P=0.682; ηp=0.03) or the total exercise volume (P=0.482; ηp=0.03) between conditions. RPE was similar for all trials (P=0.330; ηp=0.08), while Felt arousal increased as a consequence of rinsing (P=0.001; ηp=0.58), but was not different between trials (P=0.335; ηp=0.08). These results suggest that rinsing with a carbohydrate and caffeine solution either independently or combined has no significant effect on maximum strength or muscular endurance performance.
J Strength Cond Res. 2015 Mar 17. CARBOHYDRATE AND CAFFEINE MOUTH RINSES DO NOT AFFECT MAXIMUM STRENGTH AND MUSCULAR ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE.
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Gammal 2015-06-05, 07:33   #47
King Grub
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We tested the hypothesis that carbohydrate mouth rinsing, alone or in combination with caffeine, augments high-intensity interval (HIT) running capacity undertaken in a carbohydrate-restricted state. Carbohydrate restriction was achieved by performing high-intensity running to volitional exhaustion in the evening prior to the main experimental trials and further refraining from carbohydrate intake in the post-exercise and overnight period. On the subsequent morning, eight males performed 45-min steady-state (SS) exercise (65% [Formula: see text]) followed by HIT running to exhaustion (1-min at 80% [Formula: see text]interspersed with 1-min walking at 6 km/h). Subjects completed 3 trials consisting of placebo capsules (administered immediately prior to SS and immediately before HIT) and placebo mouth rinse at 4-min intervals during HIT (PLACEBO), placebo capsules but 10% carbohydrate mouth rinse (CMR) at corresponding time-points or finally, caffeine capsules (200 mg per dose) plus 10% carbohydrate mouth rinse (CAFF + CMR) at corresponding time-points. Heart rate, capillary glucose, lactate, glycerol and NEFA were not different at exhaustion during HIT (P > 0.05). However, HIT capacity was different (P < 0.05) between all pair-wise comparisons such that CAFF + CMR (65 ± 26 min) was superior to CMR (52 ± 23 min) and PLACEBO (36 ± 22 min). We conclude that carbohydrate mouth rinsing and caffeine ingestion improves exercise capacity undertaken in carbohydrate-restricted states. Such nutritional strategies may be advantageous for those athletes who deliberately incorporate elements of training in carbohydrate-restricted states (i.e. the train-low paradigm) into their overall training programme in an attempt to strategically enhance mitochondrial adaptations of skeletal muscle.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2015 Jun 2:1-9. Carbohydrate mouth rinse and caffeine improves high-intensity interval running capacity when carbohydrate restricted.

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/1...&#.VXFCxMtxmmQ
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Gammal 2015-06-05, 07:37   #48
J.V
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Jag har testat detta under hockeymatcher sista tiden och upplever att det fungerar bra, även om det säkert är en känga placebo bara för att jag har läst den här tråden.
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Mätt i klassiskt styrkelyft, så tror jag att man kan bli ungefär: 180-150-220 stark utan att dopa sig med lång tid och hård träning.
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Gammal 2016-04-26, 07:38   #49
King Grub
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BACKGROUND:

The effect of mouth rinsing with a carbohydrate (CHO) solution on exercise performance is inconclusive with no benefits observed in the fed state. This study examined the effect of CHO mouth rinse or CHO ingestion on performance in 9 moderately trained male cyclists.

METHODS:

Four trials were undertaken, separated by 7 days, in a randomized, counterbalanced design. Each trial included a 90-min glycogen-reducing exercise protocol, immediately followed by a low CHO meal and subsequent overnight fast; the following morning a 1-h cycling time trial was conducted. The trials included 15 % CHO mouth rinse (CHOR), 7.5 % CHO ingestion (CHOI), placebo mouth rinse and placebo ingestion. Solutions were provided after every 12.5 % of completed exercise: 1.5 mL · kg(-1) and 0.33 mL · kg(-1) body mass during ingestion and rinse trials, respectively. During rinse trials participants swirled the solution for 8 s before expectorating. Blood samples were taken at regular intervals before and during exercise.

RESULTS:

Performance time was not different between trials (P = 0.21) but the 4.5-5.2 % difference between CHOI and other trials showed moderate practical significance (Cohen's d 0.57-0.65). Power output was higher in CHOI relative to other trials (P < 0.01). There were no differences between CHOR and placebo groups for any performance variables. Plasma glucose, insulin and lactate concentrations were higher in CHOI relative to other groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

In a fasted and glycogen-reduced state ingestion of a CHO solution during high-intensity exercise enhanced performance through stimulation of insulin-mediated glucose uptake. The CHO mouth rinsing had neither ergogenic effects nor changes in endocrine or metabolic responses relative to placebo.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2016 Apr 23;13:19. Carbohydrate mouth rinsing has no effect on power output during cycling in a glycogen-reduced state.
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Gammal 2016-06-29, 06:31   #50
King Grub
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The objective of this study was to identify the effects of mouth rinsing with a 6% and 16% carbohydrate solution (CHO) on time trial performance when compared to a 0% control (PLA) when in a fed state. Twelve recreationally active males underwent three trials by which they had to complete a set workload (600 ± 65 W) in a fed state. Throughout each trial, participants rinsed their mouths with a 25 ml bolus of a 0% PLA, 6% or 16% CHO (maltodextrin) for every 12.5% of work completed. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate were recorded every 12.5% of total work. Performance times and power output improved significantly when using the 6% and 16% CHO versus the PLA trial (6% versus PLA, p = .002 and 16% versus PLA, p = .001). When comparing the performance times of the 6% to 16% CHO, no significance was observed (p = .244). There was no significant difference between heart rate levels or RPE values across the three trials. In conclusion, mouth rinsing with a 6% or 16% CHO solution has a positive effect on a cycling time trial performance undertaken in a fed state.
Effects of various concentrations of carbohydrate mouth rinse on cycling performance in a fed state. European Journal of Sport Science, 23 June 2016.

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/...96735#abstract
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Gammal 2016-06-29, 18:08   #51
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Har man prövat aspartam?
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Gammal 2016-08-30, 08:32   #52
King Grub
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Carbohydrate mouth rinsing can improve endurance exercise performance and is most ergogenic when exercise is completed in the fasted state. This strategy may also be beneficial to increase exercise capacity and the energy deficit achieved during moderate intensity exercise relevant to weight control when performed after an overnight fast. Eighteen healthy men (mean(SD); age 23(4)years, body mass index 23.1(2.4)kg.m-2) completed a familiarisation trial and three experimental trials. After an overnight fast, participants performed 60-minutes of treadmill walking at a speed that equated to a rating of perceived exertion of 13 (“fairly hard”). Participants manually adjusted the treadmill speed to maintain this exertion. Mouth rinses for the experimental trials contained either a 6.4% maltodextrin solution with sweetener (CHO), a taste-matched placebo (PLA) or water (WAT). Appetite ratings were collected using visual analogue scales and exercise energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were calculated from online gas analysis. Increased walking distance during CHO and PLA induced greater energy expenditure compared with WAT (mean difference (90% CI); 79(60)kJ; P=0.035; d=0.24 and 90(63)kJ; P=0.024; d=0.27, respectively). Appetite area under the curve was lower in CHO and PLA than WAT (8(6)mm; P=0.042; d=0.43 and 6(8)mm; P=0.201; d=0.32, respectively). Carbohydrate oxidation was higher in CHO than PLA and WAT (7.3(6.7)g; P=0.078; d=0.47 and 10.1(6.5)g; P=0.015; d=0.81, respectively). This study provides novel evidence that mouth rinsing with a sweetened solution may promote a greater energy deficit during moderate exertion walking exercise by increasing energy expenditure and decreasing appetite. A placebo effect may have contributed to these benefits.
Mouth rinsing with a sweet solution increases energy expenditure and decreases appetite during 60 minutes of self-regulated walking exercise. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 22 August 2016.

http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/...apnm-2016-0344
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Gammal 2016-11-11, 12:18   #53
King Grub
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Carbohydrate mouth rinsing can improve endurance exercise performance and is most ergogenic when exercise is completed in the fasted state. This strategy may also be beneficial to increase exercise capacity and the energy deficit achieved during moderate-intensity exercise relevant to weight control when performed after an overnight fast. Eighteen healthy men (mean (SD); age, 23 (4) years; body mass index, 23.1 (2.4) kg·m-2) completed a familiarisation trial and 3 experimental trials. After an overnight fast, participants performed 60 min of treadmill walking at a speed that equated to a rating of perceived exertion of 13 ("fairly hard"). Participants manually adjusted the treadmill speed to maintain this exertion. Mouth rinses for the experimental trials contained either a 6.4% maltodextrin solution with sweetener (CHO), a taste-matched placebo (PLA), or water (WAT). Appetite ratings were collected using visual analogue scales and exercise energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were calculated from online gas analysis. Increased walking distance during CHO and PLA induced greater energy expenditure compared with WAT (mean difference (90% confidence interval); 79 (60) kJ, P = 0.035, d = 0.24; and 90 (63) kJ, P = 0.024, d = 0.27, respectively). Appetite area under the curve was lower in CHO and PLA than WAT (8 (6) mm, P = 0.042, d = 0.43; and 6 (8) mm, P = 0.201, d = 0.32, respectively). Carbohydrate oxidation was higher in CHO than PLA and WAT (7.3 (6.7) g, P = 0.078, d = 0.47; and 10.1 (6.5) g, P = 0.015, d = 0.81, respectively). This study provides novel evidence that mouth rinsing with a sweetened solution may promote a greater energy deficit during moderate-exertion walking exercise by increasing energy expenditure and decreasing appetite. A placebo effect may have contributed to these benefits.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016 Aug 22:1-7. Mouth rinsing with a sweet solution increases energy expenditure and decreases appetite during 60 min of self-regulated walking exercise.
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Gammal 2016-11-11, 13:02   #54
King Grub
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This study investigated the impact that mouth rinsing carbohydrate solution has on skill-specific performance and reaction time following a fatigue-inducing bout of fencing in epee fencers. Nine healthy, national-level epee fencers visited a laboratory on two occasions, separated by a minimum of five days, to complete a 1-minute lunge test and Stroop test pre- and post-fatigue. Heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded during completion of the fatiguing protocol. Between fights the participant’s mouth rinsed for 10 seconds, either 25 ml of 6.7% maltodextrin solution (MALT) or water (PLAC). Blood lactate and glucose were recorded at baseline, pre- and post-testing. Results showed an increase in heart rate and overall RPE over time in both conditions. There were no differences in blood glucose (F(1,8) = .63, P = .4, ηp = .07) or blood lactate levels (F(1,8) = .12, P = .70, ηp  = .01) between conditions as a function of time. There was a significant improvement in lunge test accuracy during the MALT trial (F(1,8) = 5.21, P = .05, ηp  = .40) with an increase from pre (81.2 ± 8.3%) to post (87.6 ± 9.4%), whereas there was no significant change during the placebo (pre 82.1 ± 8.8%, post 78.8 ± 6.4%). There were no recorded differences between conditions in response time to congruent (F(1,8) = .33, P = .58, ηp  = .04) or incongruent stimuli (F(1,8) = .19, P = .68, ηp  = .02). The study indicates that when fatigued mouth rinsing MALT significantly improves accuracy of skill-specific fencing performance but no corresponding influence on reaction time was observed.
The effect of carbohydrate mouth rinsing on fencing performance and cognitive function following fatigue-inducing fencing. European Journal of Sport Science, November 09 2016.
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Gammal 2017-01-19, 08:30   #55
King Grub
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Mouth rinsing (MR) with carbohydrate during exercise has been shown to act as an ergogenic aid.

PURPOSE:

To investigate if nutritive or nonnutritive sweetened MR affect exercise performance, and to assess the influence of sweetness intensity on endurance performance during a time-trial (TT).

METHODS:

This randomized, single blinded study had 4 treatment conditions. 16 subjects (9 men, 7 women) completed a 12.8km TT four different times. During each TT, subjects MR and expectorated a different solution at time 0 and every 12.5% of the TT. The 4 MR solutions were: sucrose (S) (sweet taste and provides energy of 4 kcals/g), a lower intensity sucralose (S1:1) (artificial sweetener that provides no energy but tastes sweet), a higher intensity sucralose (S100:1), and water as control (C). Completion times for each TT, heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were also recorded.

RESULTS:

Completion time for S was faster than C (1:03:47±00:02:17 vs. 1:06:56±00:02:18; p<0.001, respectively), and showed a trend to be faster vs. S100:1 (1:03:47±00:02:17 vs. 1:05:38±00:02:12; p=0.07, respectively). No other TT differences were found. Average HR showed a trend to be higher for S vs. C (p=0.08). There only differences in average or max RPE was for higher max RPE in C vs. S1:1 (p=0.02).

CONCLUSION:

A sweet tasting MR did improve endurance performance compared to water in a significant manner (avg. 4.5% improvement; 3+ min.); however, the presence of energy in the sweet MR appeared necessary since the artificial sweeteners did not improve performance more than water alone.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017 Jan 17:1-23. Running Performance with Nutritive and Non-Nutritive Sweetened Mouth Rinses.
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Gammal 2017-01-19, 10:57   #56
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however, the presence of energy in the sweet MR appeared necessary since the artificial sweeteners did not improve performance more than water alone.
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Gammal 2017-02-01, 08:30   #57
King Grub
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The aim of this study was to investigate whether mouth rinsing or ingesting carbohydrate (CHO) solutions impact on perceptual responses during exercise.

METHODS:

Nine moderately trained male cyclists underwent a 90-min glycogen-reducing exercise, and consumed a low CHO meal, prior to completing an overnight fast. A 1-h cycle time trial was performed the following morning. Four trials, each separated by 7 days, were conducted in a randomized, counterbalanced study design: 15% CHO mouth rinse (CHOR), 7.5% CHO ingestion (CHOI), placebo mouth rinse (PLAR) and placebo ingestion (PLAI). Solution volumes (1.5 ml · kg-1 ingestion trials and 0.33 ml · kg-1 rinsing trials) were provided after every 12.5% of completed exercise. Perceptual scales were used to assess affective valence (feeling scale, FS), arousal (felt arousal scale, FAS), exertion (ratings of perceived exertion, RPE) and mood (profile of mood states, POMS) before, during and immediately after exercise.

RESULTS:

There was no difference in RPE (CHOI, 14.0 ± 1.9; CHOR, 14.2 ± 1.7; PLAI, 14.6 ± 1.8; PLAR, 14.6 ± 2.0; P = 0.35), FS (CHOI, 0.0 ± 1.7; CHOR, -0.2 ± 1.5; PLAI, -0.8 ± 1.4; PLAR, -0.8 ± 1.6; P = 0.15), or FAS (CHOI, 3.6 ± 1.1; CHOR, 3.5 ± 1.0; PLAI, 3.4 ± 1.4; PLAR, 3.3 ± 1.3; P = 0.725) scores between trials. While overall POMS score did not appear to differ between trials, the 'vigour' subscale indicated that CHOI may facilitate the maintenance of 'vigour' scores over time, in comparison to the steady decline witnessed in other trials (P = 0.04). There was no difference in time trial performance between trials (CHOI, 65.3 ± 4.8 min; CHOR, 68.4 ± 3.9 min; PLAI, 68.7 ± 5.3 min; PLAR, 68.3 ± 5.2 min; P = 0.21) but power output was higher in CHOI (231.0 ± 33.2 W) relative to other trials (221-223.6 W; P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS:

In a CHO-reduced state, mouth rinsing with a CHO solution did not impact on perceptual responses during high-intensity exercise in trained cyclists and triathletes. On the other hand CHO ingestion improved perceived ratings of vigour and increased power output during exercise.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017 Jan 25;14:4. Effect of mouth rinsing and ingestion of carbohydrate solutions on mood and perceptual responses during exercise.
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Gammal 2018-01-16, 12:35   #58
King Grub
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Carbohydrate (CHO) rinsing has been shown to attenuate the decline of maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) following fatiguing exercise-perhaps via a central mechanism. This study sought to determine the effect of a CHO rinse on MVC, voluntary activation, and contractile properties following fatiguing exercise. Thirteen adults participated in a double-blind, cross-over study. MVC of the dominant knee extensors was assessed and voluntary activation (%VA) was determined using twitch-interpolation. Participants then held 50% of MVC until volitional fatigue followed by a 20s rinse with a solution of 8% maltodextrin (CHO) or placebo (PLA). MVC and %VA were reassessed immediately and 5-minutes following exercise. MVC did not differ between the CHO and PLA conditions initially (230±90 vs. 232±90 Nm; p=0.69). MVC declined following exercise (p≤0.01), but no differences were found between the CHO and PLA conditions (p≥0.59). %VA did not differ between conditions (91.9±2.9% vs. 91.5±3.8%; p≥0.11) nor did it change following exercise(p=0.57). Twitch torque (TT), rate of torque development, and rate of torque relaxation were reduced following exercise (p<0.05), but were unaffected by CHO rinsing (p>0.05). Unlike a previous study, a CHO rinse did not preserve MVC following fatiguing exercise. This was likely due to a lack of central fatigue induced by the exercise protocol (as %VA was unaffected) as the CHO rinse is thought to work via a central mechanism.
J Strength Cond Res. 2018 Jan 12. Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing Does Not Prevent the Decline in Maximal Strength Following Fatiguing Exercise.
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Gammal 2018-03-15, 12:06   #59
King Grub
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Rinsing the mouth with a carbohydrate solution has been shown to improve exercise performance in a manner similar to carbohydrate ingestion. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these ergogenic benefits remain unclear. This study evaluated whether rinsing the mouth with a carbohydrate solution alters plasma insulin and glucose concentration during the initial stages of a 40 km cycling time-trial. Eight trained, competitive cyclists [age (mean ± SEM) = 24 ± 2 y; V̇O2max = 64.5 ± 2.2 ml·kg-1·min-1] completed three simulated 40 km time-trials comprised of a familiarization trial, a carbohydrate condition (CHO) and a placebo mouth rinse condition (PLA). In the two mouth rinse conditions, rinsing was administered prior to onset of exercise and every 5 km throughout exercise. Plasma insulin was collected at 5 km intervals throughout the first 25 km, and glucose samples were collected at 5 km intervals throughout the exercise bout. No change in plasma insulin was detected between conditions (p = 0.638, ES < 0.03) for the first 25 km of the time-trial. Likewise, plasma glucose concentration did not differ between CHO and PLA (p = 0.801, ES < 0.01) and remained relatively stable throughout exercise. Time to complete the 40 km time-trial was significantly faster for CHO (67.1 ± 1.1 min) compared to PLA [67.9 ± 1.0 min; (P = 0.028, ES 0.27)]. Performance time was faster by an average of 1.1% (95% confidence interval range 0.2-2.0%) in the CHO condition. Exercise intensity (% V̇O2max) throughout the trial was similar between conditions (p = 0.846). Respiratory exchange ratio was not significantly different between conditions (0.88 ± 0.01 for PLA, and 0.91 ± 0.01 for GLC; p = 0.081). Performance gains elicited by a carbohydrate mouth rinse occurred independently of changes in plasma insulin concentration.
J Sports Sci Med. 2018 Mar 1;17(1):145-152. Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse Improves Cycling Time-Trial Performance without Altering Plasma Insulin Concentration.
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