King Grub
2017-04-25, 11:31
Jämfört med muffins.
The health-protective effects of fruits and vegetables may be at least partly attributed to phytochemicals. Apples are known to be especially high in free phenolic compounds. Apples and apple products are associated with reduced risk of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is likely due to their rich content of fiber, nutrients and various phytochemicals. Insufficient evidence is available regarding the acute dietary effects apple intake on postprandial metabolic responses. We assessed the potential for dried apple to regulate blood glucose and insulin responses as well as satiety and total plasma antioxidant levels in an acute feeding study with healthy individuals and explored the acute effect of dried apple on cognitive responses using eight neurocognitive tests. A randomized crossover design with repeated measures and a minimum of one week washout period between tests was used. On each test day after a fast of 10 hours, a standardized serving size of either diced dried apple or two muffins, each providing 55 g carbohydrate, was consumed by the participants. Blood glucose, insulin and antioxidant concentrations were measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes and satiety was assessed on 100 mm visual analog scales every 15 minutes for two hours. Cognitive tests were administered before and 2 hours after consumption of the test food. Twenty-one healthy, normal weight subjects completed the study. Repeated-measures analysis of variance evaluated the effects of dietary condition and time on blood glucose, insulin, satiety and total antioxidant levels. Paired t-tests were used to compare the effects of diet at individual time points. Main effects for time (p ≤ 0.01) and dietary trial (p ≤ 0.01) were detected for plasma glucose responses. Dried apple produced lower (p ≤ 0.02) glucose concentrations at the 30, 45, 60 and 120-minute time points than muffins. Main effects for time (p ≤ 0.01) were detected for insulin responses, and dried apple produced lower (p ≤ 0.03) insulin concentrations at the 30-minute time point than muffins. No differences were detected for total plasma antioxidant capacity; however, the percent change from baseline for total plasma antioxidant levels was higher throughout the 120 minutes post food consumption for the dried apples versus muffins. Subjects reported that they could eat more food during the apple trial compared to the muffin trial; however, no differences in hunger, fullness or desire to eat were detected. Apple intake resulted in better post-test performance (p ≤ 0.03) for psychomotor speed, and muffin intake resulted in better post-test performance for executive function (p ≤ 0.01) and cognitive flexibility (p ≤ 0.02). These findings suggested that dried apple intake could reduce postprandial blood glucose and serum insulin responses in healthy individuals but little consistent difference antioxidant status, satiety and cognitive function.
Acute Effects of Dried Apple Consumption on Metabolic and Cognitive Responses in Healthy Individuals. April 2017, The FASEB Journal vol. 31 no. 1 Supplement 796.11.
http://www.fasebj.org/content/31/1_Supplement/796.11.abstract?sid=cb524400-7454-43a2-aed1-039368eef44b
The health-protective effects of fruits and vegetables may be at least partly attributed to phytochemicals. Apples are known to be especially high in free phenolic compounds. Apples and apple products are associated with reduced risk of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is likely due to their rich content of fiber, nutrients and various phytochemicals. Insufficient evidence is available regarding the acute dietary effects apple intake on postprandial metabolic responses. We assessed the potential for dried apple to regulate blood glucose and insulin responses as well as satiety and total plasma antioxidant levels in an acute feeding study with healthy individuals and explored the acute effect of dried apple on cognitive responses using eight neurocognitive tests. A randomized crossover design with repeated measures and a minimum of one week washout period between tests was used. On each test day after a fast of 10 hours, a standardized serving size of either diced dried apple or two muffins, each providing 55 g carbohydrate, was consumed by the participants. Blood glucose, insulin and antioxidant concentrations were measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes and satiety was assessed on 100 mm visual analog scales every 15 minutes for two hours. Cognitive tests were administered before and 2 hours after consumption of the test food. Twenty-one healthy, normal weight subjects completed the study. Repeated-measures analysis of variance evaluated the effects of dietary condition and time on blood glucose, insulin, satiety and total antioxidant levels. Paired t-tests were used to compare the effects of diet at individual time points. Main effects for time (p ≤ 0.01) and dietary trial (p ≤ 0.01) were detected for plasma glucose responses. Dried apple produced lower (p ≤ 0.02) glucose concentrations at the 30, 45, 60 and 120-minute time points than muffins. Main effects for time (p ≤ 0.01) were detected for insulin responses, and dried apple produced lower (p ≤ 0.03) insulin concentrations at the 30-minute time point than muffins. No differences were detected for total plasma antioxidant capacity; however, the percent change from baseline for total plasma antioxidant levels was higher throughout the 120 minutes post food consumption for the dried apples versus muffins. Subjects reported that they could eat more food during the apple trial compared to the muffin trial; however, no differences in hunger, fullness or desire to eat were detected. Apple intake resulted in better post-test performance (p ≤ 0.03) for psychomotor speed, and muffin intake resulted in better post-test performance for executive function (p ≤ 0.01) and cognitive flexibility (p ≤ 0.02). These findings suggested that dried apple intake could reduce postprandial blood glucose and serum insulin responses in healthy individuals but little consistent difference antioxidant status, satiety and cognitive function.
Acute Effects of Dried Apple Consumption on Metabolic and Cognitive Responses in Healthy Individuals. April 2017, The FASEB Journal vol. 31 no. 1 Supplement 796.11.
http://www.fasebj.org/content/31/1_Supplement/796.11.abstract?sid=cb524400-7454-43a2-aed1-039368eef44b