King Grub
2016-05-08, 16:46
Human physical performance is a complex multifactorial trait. Historically, environmental factors (e.g., diet, training) alone have been unable to explain the basis of all prominent phenotypes for physical performance. Therefore, there has been an interest in the study of the contribution of genetic factors to the development of these phenotypes. Support for a genetic component is found with studies that shown that monozygotic twins were more similar than were dizygotic twins for many physiological traits. The evolution of molecular techniques and the ability to scan the entire human genome enabled association of several genetic polymorphisms with performance. However, some biases related to the selection of cohorts and inadequate definition of the study variables have complicated the already difficult task of studying such a large and polymorphic genome, often resulting in inconsistent results about the influence of candidate genes. This review aims to provide a critical overview of heritable genetic aspects. Novel molecular technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, are discussed and how they can contribute to improving understanding of the molecular basis for athletic performance. It is important to ensure that the large amount of data that can be generated using these tools will be used effectively by ensuring well-designed studies.
It is estimated that between 20% and 80% of a wide variety of traits relevant to physical performance, including oxygen uptake, cardiac output, relative proportion of fast and slow fibers, and muscle strength phenotypes (cross-section area and isometric, concentric, and eccentric strength) are highly influenced by genetic factors.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2016 Jun;26(6):600-12. The heritable path of human physical performance: from single polymorphisms to the "next generation".
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sms.12503/full
It is estimated that between 20% and 80% of a wide variety of traits relevant to physical performance, including oxygen uptake, cardiac output, relative proportion of fast and slow fibers, and muscle strength phenotypes (cross-section area and isometric, concentric, and eccentric strength) are highly influenced by genetic factors.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2016 Jun;26(6):600-12. The heritable path of human physical performance: from single polymorphisms to the "next generation".
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sms.12503/full