Sir Beef A Lot
2012-09-01, 19:07
The epidemics of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) affect the first world as well as less-developed countries, and now affect children as well. Persistently elevated oxidative stress and inflammation (OS/Infl) precede these polygenic conditions. A hallmark of contemporary lifestyle is a preference for thermally processed nutrients, replete with pro-OS/Infl advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), which enhance appetite and cause overnutrition. We propose that chronic ingestion of oral AGEs promotes IR and T2D. The mechanism(s) involved in these findings were assessed in four generations of C57BL6 mice fed isocaloric diets with or without AGEs [synthetic methyl-glyoxal-derivatives (MG+)]. F3/MG+ mice manifested increased adiposity and premature IR, marked by severe deficiency of anti-AGE advanced glycation receptor 1 (AGER1) and of survival factor sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in white adipose tissue (WAT), skeletal muscle, and liver. Impaired 2-deoxy-glucose uptake was associated with marked changes in insulin receptor (InsR), IRS-1, IRS-2, Akt activation, and a macrophage and adipocyte shift to a pro-OS/inflammatory (M1) phenotype. These features were absent in F3/MG− mice. MG stimulation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes led to suppressed AGER1 and SIRT1, and altered InsR, IRS-1, IRS-2 phosphorylation, and nuclear factor kappa-light chain enhancer of activated B cells (Nf-κB) p65 acetylation. Gene modulation revealed these effects to be coregulated by AGER1 and SIRT1. Thus, prolonged oral exposure to MG-AGEs can deplete host-defenses AGER1 and SIRT1, raise basal OS/Infl, and increase susceptibility to dysmetabolic IR. Because exposure to AGEs can be decreased, these insights provide an important framework for alleviating a major lifestyle-linked disease epidemic.
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2012/08/16/1205847109
Citat från Medical Daily:
In studies performed on mice, sustained exposure to a compound called methylglyoxal (MG) caused the mice to gain a significant amount of weight to their abdomens. The compound also caused early insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. MG is a type of advanced glycation endproduct (AGEs), produced when food is cooked using dry heat. AGEs have also been found to reduce the effectiveness of the body's inflammation response.
In the study, one group of mice was fed MG while another group of mice were not. Both were fed diets with the same amount of calories and fat. Over the four generations, the mice that were fed a diet with MG had more body fat and developed early insulin resistance. The control group did not exhibit those characteristics.
The abdominal fat in mice fed MG was converted into fat cells that prevented the metabolism of glucose and impeded fat turnover. This inhibited process, in turn, contributed to the development of insulin resistance and diabetes.
The study authors recommend that people cook foods by stewing, poaching, or steaming meat and vegetables, rather than grilling them.
Read more at http://www.medicaldaily.com/articles/11639/20120821/grill-barbecue-summer-diabetes-obesity-insulin-resistance.htm#wImcckuoM1WKXXUE.99
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2012/08/16/1205847109
Citat från Medical Daily:
In studies performed on mice, sustained exposure to a compound called methylglyoxal (MG) caused the mice to gain a significant amount of weight to their abdomens. The compound also caused early insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. MG is a type of advanced glycation endproduct (AGEs), produced when food is cooked using dry heat. AGEs have also been found to reduce the effectiveness of the body's inflammation response.
In the study, one group of mice was fed MG while another group of mice were not. Both were fed diets with the same amount of calories and fat. Over the four generations, the mice that were fed a diet with MG had more body fat and developed early insulin resistance. The control group did not exhibit those characteristics.
The abdominal fat in mice fed MG was converted into fat cells that prevented the metabolism of glucose and impeded fat turnover. This inhibited process, in turn, contributed to the development of insulin resistance and diabetes.
The study authors recommend that people cook foods by stewing, poaching, or steaming meat and vegetables, rather than grilling them.
Read more at http://www.medicaldaily.com/articles/11639/20120821/grill-barbecue-summer-diabetes-obesity-insulin-resistance.htm#wImcckuoM1WKXXUE.99