Dietary Supplements and Mortality Rate in Older Women.

[Spridis]

Kosttillskott är inte särskilt bra för att förebygga folksjukdomar såsom hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar, visar en omfattande uppföljningsstudie. (http://hbl.fi/nyheter/2011-10-10/kosttillskotten-inte-sarskilt-effektiva)

Till exempel multivitaminer, folsyra, zink och järn kan till och med öka dödligheten.

För många forskare kom det som en överraskning att användningen av kosttillskott kan öka dödligheten. Något sådant har inte upptäckts i andra undersökningar.

I undersökningen som utfördes vid det amerikanska Minnesotauniversitetet och vid Östra Finlands universitet studerades 38 000 kvinnors användning av kosttillskott i 22 års tid. Enligt undersökningen var det bara kalciumtillskott som minskade dödligheten.


http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/extract/archpediatrics.2011.184v1

Tyvärr endast på finska (Använd google translate):
http://www.uef.fi/uef/uutiset1;jsessionid=C791CDBBD5C6CAF0F6AC72267FD9AA 8D?p_p_id=101_INSTANCE_3IgZ&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-2&p_p_col_pos=1&p_p_col_count=7&_101_INSTANCE_3IgZ_struts_action=%2Fasset_publishe r%2Fview_content&_101_INSTANCE_3IgZ_urlTitle=20111010-mursu&_101_INSTANCE_3IgZ_type=content&redirect=%2Fuef%2Fhome

[exevision]

Man ska inte äta alls! Då lever man längst!

Något sådant har inte upptäckts i andra undersökningar.

Nä, just det. Kanske beror på HUR de åt?

[MtotheM]

Onödigt höga mängder vitamin kan nog vara lika dåligt som brist nog :) Tex. Vitamin A och E?

[Alkro]

Man kan ju oftast inte dra så mycket slutsatser från epidimiologiska studier då det kan finnas hundratals confounders som man inte tänkt på.

[Eddie Vedder]

En annan (större) epidemiologisk studie: http://traningslara.se/vilka-samband-finns-for-olika-dodsorsaker-och-konsumtion-av-multivitamintillskott-en-studie-pa-olika-folkgrupper/

Länken i inlägget är för övrigt inte till någon studie utan en debattartikel i tidskriften. Men i den debattartikeln hänvisas det emellertid till den diskuterade studien. Den här:


Background Although dietary supplements are commonly taken to prevent chronic disease, the long-term health consequences of many compounds are unknown.

Methods We assessed the use of vitamin and mineral supplements in relation to total mortality in 38 772 older women in the Iowa Women's Health Study; mean age was 61.6 years at baseline in 1986. Supplement use was self-reported in 1986, 1997, and 2004. Through December 31, 2008, a total of 15 594 deaths (40.2%) were identified through the State Health Registry of Iowa and the National Death Index.

Results In multivariable adjusted proportional hazards regression models, the use of multivitamins (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.10; absolute risk increase, 2.4%), vitamin B6 (1.10; 1.01-1.21; 4.1%), folic acid (1.15; 1.00-1.32; 5.9%), iron (1.10; 1.03-1.17; 3.9%), magnesium (1.08; 1.01-1.15; 3.6%), zinc (1.08; 1.01-1.15; 3.0%), and copper (1.45; 1.20-1.75; 18.0%) were associated with increased risk of total mortality when compared with corresponding nonuse. Use of calcium was inversely related (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-0.94; absolute risk reduction, 3.8%). Findings for iron and calcium were replicated in separate, shorter-term analyses (10-year, 6-year, and 4-year follow-up), each with approximately 15% of the original participants having died, starting in 1986, 1997, and 2004.

Conclusions In older women, several commonly used dietary vitamin and mineral supplements may be associated with increased total mortality risk; this association is strongest with supplemental iron. In contrast to the findings of many studies, calcium is associated with decreased risk.

Mursu J, Robien K, Harnack LJ, Park K, Jacobs DR. Dietary supplements and mortality rate in older women: the Iowa Women's Health Study. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(18):1625-1633.

[Eddie Vedder]

Det verkar inte vara som så att de som tog mer tillskott åt mindre näringsrik mat i alla fall.

Abstract

Background: Dietary supplement use is extensive in US adults. Some reports suggested that supplement users had higher nutrient intakes from the diet than did nonusers, but to our knowledge this finding has not been examined in nationally representative survey data.

Objective: In this analysis, we examined mineral intakes from the diet by supplement-use categories and how these supplements contributed to meeting or exceeding Dietary Reference Intakes for selected minerals.

Design: Data from adults (≥19 y of age; n = 8860) who participated in NHANES 2003–2006, a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey, were examined. Supplement use was defined as the participant's self-reported use of a supplement that contained one or more selected minerals.

Results: Dietary intakes of minerals from food sources were higher for magnesium, copper, potassium, and selenium in male supplement users than in nonusers. For women, dietary intakes of minerals from food sources were higher for users than for nonusers for each mineral examined except for selenium. In women, users of calcium-containing dietary supplements were much more likely to meet the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) than were nonusers. Even after consideration of supplement use, >14% of adults had inadequate intakes for calcium and magnesium on the basis of the percentage of adults with usual intakes less than the EAR. The prevalence of adults who exceeded the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for calcium, zinc, iron, and magnesium was higher in users than in nonusers.

Conclusions: Individuals who used mineral-containing dietary supplements had higher mineral intakes from food sources in the diet than did nonusers. For all minerals examined, and particularly for calcium and magnesium in men and women and iron in women, supplement use decreased the prevalence of intake inadequacy for each respective mineral; however, supplements contributed to risk of potentially excessive intakes for calcium, iron, zinc, and magnesium.

Dietary supplement use is associated with higher intakes of minerals from food sources.Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Sep 28. [Epub ahead of print]

Det man vill veta är ju VARFÖR de här kvinnorna tog extra vitaminer och mineraler. Och varför allt järn? Det kan ju mycket väl vara så att de helt enkelt (generellt) mådde sämre och var mer oroliga för sin hälsa och på grund av den ohälsan börjar experimentera med tillskott.