Snus?

[Rusk]

Jag undrar om vi kan förvänta oss någon stuide om snus och vad det har för påverkan på muskelbyggning i framtiden?
Har länge varit nyfiken på denna punkt, vet att det finns en om cigaretter men i stuiden så visades det ju inte vad som sänkte proteinsyntesen så markant.
Så finns det något därute som vet om man någonsin kommer få se en stuide om detta? Eller vet någon vad det var i cigaretten som sänkte proteinsyntesen?

Mvh

[hejhopp79]

Snusanvändning innebär ju att man har höga halter av nikotin under längre perioder, d v s högre kortisol och andra stresshormon. EddieVedder nämnde någonting tidigare om att snusare tenderar att vara fetare än icke-snusare, vilket kan hänga ihop med matvanor eller den här effekten jag nämnde.

Intressant tråd i alla fall. Själv snusar jag bara på kvällar och håller bort begäret dagtid.

[Rusk]

Snusanvändning innebär ju att man har höga halter av nikotin under längre perioder, d v s högre kortisol och andra stresshormon. EddieVedder nämnde någonting tidigare om att snusare tenderar att vara fetare än icke-snusare, vilket kan hänga ihop med matvanor eller den här effekten jag nämnde.

Intressant tråd i alla fall. Själv snusar jag bara på kvällar och håller bort begäret dagtid.

Bör inte snusare vara smalare då det har en katabol effekt? Och jag är väl medveten om att snus inte är hälsosamt men det jag är nyfiken av är om det ens är i närheten av den påverkan cigaretter hade på proteinsyntesen för den var inte att leka med*gah!*

[hejhopp79]

Nja, kroniskt förhöjt kortisol är snarare muskelnedbrytande och fettinlagrande.

Det är sannolikt inte lika illa som cigaretter om jag minns rätt, men är nog ingen hit ändå. Cigg är för övrigt något av det värsta du kan utsätta din kropp för, inte minst p g a röken.

[Eddie Vedder]

EddieVedder nämnde någonting tidigare om att snusare tenderar att vara fetare än icke-snusare, vilket kan hänga ihop med matvanor eller den här effekten jag nämnde.

Nej det tror jag inte faktiskt. Om det kan finnas ett sådan samband låter jag vara osagt, människor med dålig hälsovana x är ju ofta även feta i ett tillräckligt stort befolkningsunderlag. Men inte har jag själv läst om det eller skrivit om det vad jag vet.

[hejhopp79]

Har för mig att du nämnde någon forskning på området. Därför jag sa det ;)

Jag tror dessutom inte snusning räcker som "dåligt" hälsounderlag, med tanke på att framförallt många idrottsmän snusar.

[Eddie Vedder]

Har för mig att du nämnde någon forskning på området. Därför jag sa det ;)

Jo det förstår jag men jag tror som sagt inte att jag har det. :)

Jag tror dessutom inte snusning räcker som "dåligt" hälsounderlag, med tanke på att framförallt många idrottsmän snusar.

Såna saker kontrollerar man ju för, och om inte så försöker man ju få in tillräckligt många idrottare så att det finns massor av icke-snusande idrottare också. Men visst, det behöver inte vara så att just snusare procentuellt sett har mer övervikt än icke-snusare men jag skulle ändå tro det.

Men det är off topic, diskussionen gäller ju muskler och jag vet inget om det när det handlar om snus. :)

[Rickard]

Då nikotin försämrar läkeprocesser så borde det rimligtvis ha någon påverkan av muskeltillväxt.

[emi23j]

Om snus liksom rökning höjer halten av stresshormoner, som nämns ovan, så bör återhämtningen också vara nedsatt eftersom en ökad aktivitet i HPA och SAM under längre tid försämrar återhämtningen vilket givetvis inte är bra för muskeluppbyggnad.

[Rusk]

Då nikotin försämrar läkeprocesser så borde det rimligtvis ha någon påverkan av muskeltillväxt.

Kanske, kanske inte. Tycker detta är ett allt för outforskat ämne. Något måste det väll finnas om frågan?

[emi23j]

Orkar inte läsa igenom hela studien men:
"The results of the present study indicate that systemic nicotine stimulates the HPA axis indirectly via postsynaptic alpha1-adrenergic receptors activation by released noradrenaline and by releasing prostaglandins generated by constitutive cyclooxygenase isoenzyme."

http://www.jpp.krakow.pl/journal/archive/06_02/articles/12_article.html

Tror inte att frågan är outforskad. Tror dock man måste sätta ihop 1 och 2 för att få svaret. Jag har just börjat plugga fysiologi så är inte riktigt på den nivån än, men man kan väl dra enklare sammanfattningar i alla fall så som att om återhämtningen är nedsatt pga av stress på organismen så kommer muskelbyggande processer att vara hämmade.

[Eddie Vedder]

Bara genom att göra en litteratursökning på "snus" kommer en hel del studoer upp faktiskt. "The swedish snus" låter nästan som "The swedish fika" :D.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Although classified as carcinogenic, snuff is used increasingly in several populations. Scandinavian moist snuff (snus) has been proposed as a less harmful alternative to smoking, but precise data on the independent associations of snus use with site-specific cancers are sparse. We aimed to assess the risks for cancer of the oral cavity, lung, and pancreas.

METHODS: Detailed information about tobacco smoking and snus use was obtained from 279 897 male Swedish construction workers in 1978-92. Complete follow-up until end of 2004 was accomplished through links with population and health registers. To distinguish possible effects of snus from those of smoking, we focused on 125 576 workers who were reported to be never-smokers at entry. Adjusted relative risks were derived from Cox proportional hazards regression models.

FINDINGS: 60 cases of oral, 154 of lung, and 83 of pancreatic cancer were recorded in never-smokers. Snus use was independently associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer (relative risk for ever-users of snus 2.0; 95% CI 1.2-3.3, compared with never-users of any tobacco), but was unrelated to incidence of oral (0.8, 95% CI 0.4-1.7) and lung cancer (0.8, 0.5-1.3).

INTERPRETATION: Use of Swedish snus should be added to the list of tentative risk factors for pancreatic cancer. We were unable to confirm any excess of oral or lung cancer in snus users.

Oral use of Swedish moist snuff (snus) and risk for cancer of the mouth, lung, and pancreas in male construction workers: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2007 Jun 16;369(9578):2015-20.

En debattartikel:

The recognition of tobacco dependence as a disorder due to use of a psychoactive substance, nicotine, has led to a growing awareness that total eradication of nicotine use may not be a realistic goal. Therefore, reduction of tobacco-related ill health should not rely entirely on total abstinence from nicotine but also include options for nicotine delivery in a less harmful form than smoking. Since the major harmful exposure from cigarettes comes from combustion products, a great deal of interest has been given to non-combustible tobacco products, especially snus, a Sweden-specific kind of moist oral snuff. This is because Swedish men have been combining record high consumption of snus and record low levels of tobacco-related illness. Matters regarding Swedish snus are addressed in this issue of Addiciton in articles by Gilljam & Galanti and Fagerström & Schildt [1,2].

One key question deals with the role of snus in smoking cessation. Gilljam & Galanti found that the proportion of men that had ever used snus was larger among former than among continuing smokers (55% versus 45%). This suggests a beneficial effect of snus use on smoking cessation. Furthermore, they found that use of snus at latest quit attempt increased the probability of being abstinent by about 50%. At the same time, they point out that the majority of quitters had not used snus. But they do not report what aid, if any, that had been used by others, although they mention that their study had also collected data regarding use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) . However, some of those data from the Gilljam & Galanti study are actually reported by Fagerstöm & Schildt using early press release data as source. These data indicate that more Swedish men had used snus than NRT as a cessation aid, as confirmed by other studies and reported by Fagerstöm & Schildt. A recent study has also found a higher success rate among quitters using snus than among those using NRT [3].

Another key question deals with the role of snus in initiation of smoking. As reported by Fagerström & Schildt, there are studies showing evidence that the occurrence of snus has contributed to the decrease of onset rates for smoking among Swedish boys.

The Gilljam & Galanti article contains a statement that the snus user ‘typically’ gets nicotine doses equivalent to 35–75 cigarettes per day. This is clearly not correct and it is certainly not supported by the reference given in the text (Holm et al. 1992). That article reports exactly the same average afternoon blood levels of nicotine in snus users as in smokers of 17 cigarettes per day. This is also in good agreement with the data reported by Andersson et al. [4,5]. These investigators measured 24 hour systemic uptake of nicotine in cigarette smokers and snus users. Cigarette smokers with an average consumption of 18 cigarettes per day had an uptake of 25 mg. In a group of heavy snus users, the uptake was 35 mg, corresponding to 25 mg in snus users with average consumption level.

The above data illustrate that there is no ground for the widespread myth that snus use would constitute an ‘overload’ of nicotine compared with smoking. Not even dual use of cigarettes and snus represents any overload. First of all, dual daily use is very rare in Sweden, prevalence rate being around 2%; secondly, these smokers have lower than average cigarette consumption, as reported by Gilljam & Galanti.

It is true that some (but not all) of those who have quit smoking using snus as an aid continue to use snus and thus continue to be nicotine-dependent. However, this should not be taken as support for another myth—the one that snus users had an even stronger nicotine dependence than smokers. It is true that former smokers who use snus say that it is more difficult to quit snus than it was to quit smoking. But one cannot make a correct comparison between the difficulty of quitting smoking with an efficient aid and the difficulty of quitting snus use without any aid. It is also true that quitting snus use is generally less common than quitting smoking. But this just reflects that snus users feel less strong motives to quit than smokers (as justified by the fact that the health risks of snus use are much lower than those of smoking).

Fagerström & Schild give a comprehensive picture of the reasons to believe that the use of snus among Swedish males has been certainly not the only one, but one among other factors contributing to Sweden's low rates of smoking and of tobacco-related ill health. It is, of course, by principle impossible to make an accurate calculation of what the prevalence of daily smoking in Swedish men would have been if there had been no use of snuff. However, the calculation examples by Fagerstöm & Schildt do seem to be reasonable estimates of order of magnitude. One more such example could be added. In the period 1976–2002, the prevalence of daily smoking was decreasing by 25 percentage points in Swedish males and by 13 percentage points in Swedish women aged 18–70. Research data indicate that cessation rates are equal for women and for men without snus use, and higher for men with snus use. Consequently, it could be assumed that, if all men had been without snus, the decrease in prevalence of daily smoking among men would have been the same as that among women—i.e. 13 percentage points instead of 25. In that case, the current prevalence of daily smoking among men would have been 27% instead of 15%, as measured in 2002.

If, in the fight against tobacco-related ill health, we adopt a puritanical view, rejecting all nicotine use, we shall see snus as part of the problem. But if we adopt a pragmatic view, seeking to exploit all means of possible reduction of these health risks, we might well see snus as part of the solution

RAMSTRÖM, L. (2003), Snus: part of the problem or part of the solution?. Addiction, 98: 1198–1199.

Abstract

Scandinavian moist snuff (snus) is claimed to be a safer alternative to smoking. We aimed to quantify cancer incidence among male snus users and to shed light on the net health outcome by studying their overall mortality. A cohort, comprised of 9,976 men who participated in a population-based survey, was compiled in 1973-74. Follow-up until January 31, 2002, was accomplished through record-linkages with nation-wide and essentially complete registers of demographics, cancer and causes of deaths. Adjusted relative risks among exposed relative to unexposed men were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. The cohort members contributed more than 220,000 person-years at risk for cancer. A statistically significant increase in the incidence of the combined category of oral and pharyngeal cancer among daily users of snus (incidence rate ratio 3.1, 95% confidence interval 1.5-6.6) was found. Overall mortality was also slightly increased (hazard ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.21). Although the combined previous literature on snus and oral cancer weigh toward no association, this population-based prospective study provided suggestive evidence of snus-related risks that cannot be lightly ignored.

Cancer and mortality among users and nonusers of snus. Int J Cancer. 2008 Jul 1;123(1):168-73.

Hälsorisker med svenskt snus (http://ki.se/content/1/c4/65/39/Halsorisker_m_svenskt_snus.pdf) - rapport från KI

Sedan får man väl själv försöka överföra eventuella mekanismer som kan förklara associationerna till hur det kan påverka träning.

[King Grub]

http://www.kolozzeum.com/forum/showthread.php?t=153504&highlight=snus

Din egen tråd.

Inga nya studier har publicerats.

[Rusk]

http://www.kolozzeum.com/forum/showthread.php?t=153504&highlight=snus

Din egen tråd.

Inga nya studier har publicerats.

Ok, det var mest det jag undrade. Kändes bättre att dra upp en ny än den gammla tråden.